Analisis Perbandingan Etimologi Messiah dalam Agama Yahudi, Kristian dan Islam
Comparative Analysis on The Etymology of Messiah in Judaism, Christianity and Islam
Keywords:
Messiah, Yahudi, Kristian, Islam & Analisis perbandinganAbstract
Secara umumnya, perkataan Messiah merujuk kepada konsep penyelamat dalam perbincangan eskatologi agama Yahudi, Kristian dan Islam. Namun oleh kerana rentetan perkembangan sejarah setiap agama serta doktrin fahaman yang berbeza antara agama-agama ini menyebabkan konsep Messiah berbeza di antara Yahudi, Kristian dan Islam. Terdapat kekeliruan fahaman konsep Messiah antara Yahudi dan Kristian yang menyebabkan mereka tidak bersetuju antara satu sama lain meskipun mereka dari cabang agama yang sama suatu ketika dahulu. Selain itu, terdapat kekeliruan dalam menafsirkan kat al-Mas?h dalam Islam sehingga Imam al-Mahdi serta Nabi Muhammad SAW turut mendapat gelaran Messiah. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahaskan etimologi Messiah dalam agama Yahudi, Kristian dan Islam serta menganalisis persamaan dan perbezaan yang terdapat dalam ketiga-tiga agama menerusi metode pengumpulan data menerusi kajian teks al-Quran dan hadith serta kitab-kitab Perjanjian, dan pensejarahan. Metode analisis data menggunakan kaedah induktif, deduktif dan konparatif turut sama digunakan. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat terma khusus yang merujuk kepada ketiga-tiga agama iaitu Mashiach bagi Yahudi, Christ bagi Kristian dan al-Masih bagi Islam. Ketiga-tiga terma ini merujuk kepada maksud diurapi seperti yang dibawa dalam ajaran Yahudi. Tuntasnya, secara etimologi terma-terma Messiah agama Yahudi, Kristian dan Islam datang dari sumber yang sama iaitu kebudayaan pengurapan agama Yahudi, namun dari sudut perkembangan konsep, setiap agama adalah berbeza dalam menafsirkan watak dan doktrin yang telah dan akan dibawa sebagai sebuah peristiwa eskatologi.
Generally, the term Messiah denotes the concept of savior in the escatological discourse of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. However, due to the historical development of each religion and different doctrinal beliefs between these religions, the concept of Messiah is understood differently in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.There is a misunderstanding of the concept of Messiah between Jews and Christians which causes them to disagree with each other even they were once from a same religion. In addition, there is confusion in interpreting the word al-Masih in Islam until Imam al-Mahdi and the Prophet Muhammad SAW also received the title of Messiah. Thus, this paper aims to discuss Messiah in the aspect of its etymology and to analyse the similarities and differences through content analysis method. This paper signifies the different term used in each religion; Mashiach, Christ and al-Masih in Judaism, Christian and Islam respectively. Each term refers to the same meaning as the one being ‘anointed’ as being defined in Judaism. In sum, despite the similar meaning of the term used in each religion, the understanding on the concept of Messiah is different according to the doctrinal belief of each religion.
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