Penglibatan Wanita dalam Ijazah Periwayatan Sanad Kitab Turath Islam: Sumbangan Ratu Sayyidah Fatimah Al-Shifa Binti Sayyid Ahmad Al-Sharif Al-Sanusi (1911-2009)
The Involvement of Women in The Award of Sanad Narration of Islamic Turath Books: The Contribution of Queen Sayyidah Fatimah Al-Shifa Binti Sayyid Ahmad Al-Sharif Al-Sanusi (1911-2009)
Abstract
Ilmu-ilmu pengajian Islam tradisional memiliki salasilah sanad periwayatan berteraskan kitab-kitab turath. Rantaian sanad ini kekal berlangsung diriwayatkan secara ijazah dalam kalangan ilmuwan dunia Islam sama ada terdiri daripada tokoh ulama lelaki atau wanita. Ratu Sayyidah Fatima al-Shifa binti Ahmad al-Sharif al-Sanusi (1911-2009) merupakan tokoh wanita nadir yang berperanan penting dalam arena ini. Tokoh merupakan mantan permaisuri Libya dan juga anak perempuan kepada pejuang handalan serta tokoh sufi negara libya, Sayyid Ahmad al-Sharif al-Sanusi. Ijazah periwayatan sanad tokoh wanita ini tersebar ke seluruh dunia Islam antaranya berhubung dengan kitab turath muktabar iaitu Sahih al-Bukhari. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa ijazah periwayatan sanad tokoh wanita tersebut terhadap kitab berkenaan sekaligus menghargai sumbangan tokoh dalam persepktif tersebut. Data-data kajian dikumpul berasaskan metode analisis dokumen dan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Dapatan ditumpukan kepada empat aspek penemuan iaitu profil tokoh, guru riwayat utama, murid riwayat utama dan rantaian sanad kitab Sahih al-Bukhari riwayat murid daripada tokoh berkenaan. Dapatan merumuskan faktor utama sanad tokoh dapat diriwayatkan serta disebarluaskan dalam dunia Islam adalah kerana komitmen ilmuwan sezaman melakukan rihlah ilmu kepada beliau dan kesedaran tinggi mereka dalam bertindak memohon ijazah sanad terutama ketika tokoh menetap di lokasi tumpuan ilmu iaitu Kaherah, Mesir. Juga kerana ketinggian salasilah sanad beliau yang merupakan warisan periwayatan yang berkesinambungan lansung kepada bapa tokoh yang masyhur dalam gerakan sufi dan pejuang di Libya. Selain itu, kedudukan beliau sebagai Ratu Libya pada tahun 1951 sehingga 1969 turut menyebabkan beliau dapat dilabelkan sebagai perawi terakhir dunia dalam kalangan raja perempuan negara Islam kurun ini.
The sciences of traditional Islamic studies have a genealogy of narrative chain based on the books of Turath. This chain of sanad remains narrated by way of award (ijazah) among scholars of the Islamic world whether it consists of male or female scholars. Queen Sayyidah Fatima al-Shifa bint Ahmad al-Sharif al-Sanusi (1911-2009) is a rare female figure who plays an important role in this arena. The figure is the former queen of Libya and also the daughter of a prominent fighter and Sufi figure of Libya, Sayyid Ahmad al-Sharif al-Sanusi. The award of narration of the sanad by this female figure has spread throughout the Islamic world, among others in relation to the book of Turath Muktabar, namely Sahih al-Bukhari. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the award of narration of the female figure's chain of transmission of the book so as to appreciate the contribution of the figure in that perspective. The study data were collected based on document analysis method and was analyzed descriptively. The findings are focused on four aspects of the findings, namely the profile of the figure, the main narration teacher, the main narration student and the chain of Sahih al-Bukhari's narration of the student from the figure. The findings conclude that the main factor that the sanad of a figure can be narrated and disseminated in the Islamic world is due to the commitment of the contemporary scholars to impart knowledge to him and their high awareness in applying for a sanad degree, especially when the figure resides in Cairo, Egypt an area where knowledge is a main focus. Furthermore, the height of his chain of genealogy is also due to the legacy of narration that continues directly from the father of a famous figure in the Sufi movement and fighters in Libya. In addition, her position as the Queen of Libya in 1951 to 1969 has also contributed for her to be labeled as the last female narrator in the world from among the royal family of Islamic countries of this century.
