A Study of Muslim Divorces and Procedures in Syari’ah Court Singapore
Keywords:
Divorce, Syari'ah, ProceduresAbstract
Dalam undang-undang Syari'ah, perkahwinan (nik??) bermaksid perjanjian antara dua individu. Al-Quran membenarkan dan bahkan menasihati pasangan suami isteri untuk mengakhiri perkahwinan (Qur. 2: 231) sekiranya keharmonian perkahwinan tidak dapat dicapai. Masyarakat diminta untuk campur tangan dengan melantik penimbang tara dari dua keluarga untuk mencuba perdamaian (Qur. 4:35). Undang-undang utama yang mengatur proses perceraian di Mahkamah Syari'ah adalah Undang-Undang Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Muslim (Cap. 3) (AMLA), Peraturan Perkahwinan dan Perceraian Muslim (MMDR) menetapkan pelbagai proses dan prosedur perceraian. Mahkamah Syari'ah membuat keputusannya mengenai talak, nafkah iddah, muta'ah, hak asuh anak, dan lain-lain. Ia menerapkan adat Melayu dan undang-undang Syari'ah serta (jika ada) adat istiadat Melayu. AMLA itu sendiri mengandungi beberapa peruntukan yang menangani beberapa masalah ini. Makalah ini diakhiri dengan perbincangan mengenai isu dan pengukuran yang perlu ditangani dalam penyelidikan masa depan untuk memperbaiki dan memperluas kajian sebelumnya. Peserta menyalahkan pasangan mereka kerana perceraian lebih banyak daripada mereka menyalahkan diri mereka sendiri. Kini di Singapura, wanita Muslim bercerai pada kadar yang lebih tinggi daripada lelaki Muslim. Ketidaksetiaan dilaporkan sebagai punca yang paling utama untuk perceraian oleh lelaki dan wanita Muslim di mahkamah perceraian Islam. Penemuan baru menunjukkan bahawa poligami mungkin menjadi faktor ketidaksetiaan di kalangan lelaki Muslim. Ini menunjukkan bahawa ketetapan Islam untuk berpoligami boleh menjadi salah satu sebab ketidaksetiaan. Ini mungkin telah menyebabkan kecenderungan lelaki Muslim untuk menjalin hubungan dengan wanita yang boleh menjadi bakal pasangan mereka. Kesulitan kewangan disebut sebagai alasan kedua yang paling umum untuk perceraian, diikuti dengan keganasan rumah tangga.
In Syari'ah law, marriage (nik??) is social contract between two individuals. The Qur'?n allows and even advises the spouses to bring the marriage to an end (Qur'?n 2:231) if marital harmony cannot be attained. The community is called upon to intervene by appointing arbiters from the two families to attempt a reconciliation (Qur'?n 4:35). The main statute which governs divorce proceedings in the Syari'ah Court is the Administration of Muslim Law Act (Cap. 3) (AMLA), the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Rules (MMDR) prescribes the various processes and procedures for divorces. The Syari'ah Court makes its decision on talak, nafkah iddah, muta’ah, custody of children, Etc. It applies Malay custom and Syari’ah law as well as (where applicable) Malay customs. The AMLA itself contains several provisions dealing with some of these issues. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues and measurement that need to be addressed in future research in order to improve and expand upon previous studies. Participants blamed their partners for the divorce more than they blamed themselves. Currently in Singapore, Muslim women divorce at a higher rate than Muslim males these days. Infidelity is reported as the most common basis for divorce by Muslim men and women in Islamic divorce courts, in both males and females. New findings suggest that polygamy may be a factor in infidelity among Muslim men. It suggests that the Islamic provision for polygamy could be one of the reasons for infidelity. This may have contributed to Muslim men's tendency to engage in relationships with women who could become their future spouses. Financial difficulties were cited as the second most common reason for divorce, followed by domestic violence.
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